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Saitou Lab's published & in_press papers

        1. Amandykova M., Dossybayev K., Mussayeva A., Saitou N., Zhunusbayeva Z., and Bekmanov B. (2023) A Study of the Genetic Structure of Hybrid Camels in Kazakhstan. genes, vol. 14, article 1373. Go to Journal Website.  *PDF*
        2. Saitou N. (2023) Achievements of Yaponesian Genome Project FY2018-2022. iDarwin, vol. 3, pp. 1-14. Go to Journal Website.
        3. Askapuli A., Vilar M., Garcia-Ortiz H., Zhabagin M., Sabitov Z., Akilzhanova A., Ramanculov E., Schamiloglu U., Martinez-Hernandez A., Contreras-Cubas C., Barajas-Olmos F., Schurr T.G., Zhumadilov Z., Flores-Huacuja M., Orozco L., Hawks J. and Saitou N. (2022) Kazak mitochondrial genomes provide insights into the human population history of Central Eurasia. PLOS ONE, vol. 17, pp. 1-32. Go to Journal Website. *PDF*
        4. Zhunussova G., Dossybayev K., Jinam T. A., Suzuki R., and Saitou N. (2022) Phylogenetic analysis of camel complete mitochondrial DNA sequences. iDarwin, vol. 2, pp. 39-51. Go to Journal Website.
        5. Suzuki R., Saitou N., Matsuai O., Shiota S., Matsumoto T., Akada J., Kinjo N., Kinjo F., Teruya K., Shimoi M., Shiroma A., Kato M., Satou K., Hirano T., Asaka M., Kryukov K., Moodley Y., and Yamaoka Y. (2022) Helicobacter pylori genomes reveal Paleolithic human migration to the east end of Asia. iScience, vol. 25, article 104477. Go to Journal Website. *PDF*
        6. Fujiwara K., Kawai Y., Takada T., Shiroishi T., Saitou N., Suzuki H., and Osada N. (2022) Insights into Mus musculus population structure across Eurasia revealed by whole-genome analysis. Genome Biology and Evolution, evac068, Go to Journal website
        7. Dauyey K. and Saitou N. (2022) Inferring intelligence of ancient people based on modern genomic studies. Journal of Human Genetics Go to Journal website *PDF*
        8. Amandykova M., Dossybayev K., Mussayeva A., Bekmanov B. and and Saitou N. (2022) Comparative analysis of the polymorphism of the casein genes in camels bred in Kazakhstan. Diversity, vol. 14, article 285. Go to Journal website  *PDF*
        9. Jinam T. A., Hosomichi K., Nakaoka H., Phipps Maude E., Saitou N. and Inoue I. (2021) Allelic and haplotypic HLA diversity in indigenous Malaysian populations explored using Next Generation Sequencing.  Human Immunology, vol. 83, no.1, pp. 17-26. Go to Journal website  *PDF*
        10. Saitou N. (0021) Second year of iDarwin. iDarwin, vol. 1, pp. 1-2. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        11. Saitou N. (0021) “My Thoughts on Biological Evolution” by KIMURA (2020) – translation of KIMURA (1988) –.  iDarwin, vol. 1, pp. 37-53. Go to Journal website  *PDF*
        12. Saitou N. (0021) “My Life as a Molecular Evolutionist” by Masatoshi NEI (2020).  iDarwin, vol. 1, pp. 59-62. Go to Journal website  *PDF*
        13. Saitou N. (0021) Asia Genome Tao Center (AGTC). iDarwin, vol. 1, pp. 56-58. Go to Journal website  *PDF*
        14. Saitou N. (2021) Preface to the special issue on the Yaponesia Genome Project. Anthropological Science advance publication. Anthropological Science advance publication, vol. 129, no. 1, pp. 1-2., vol. 129, no. 1, pp. 1-2.  Go to Journal website *PDF*
        15. Jinam T. A., Kawai Y., and Saitou N. (2021) Modern human DNA analyses with special reference to the inner dual-structure model of Yaponesian. Anthropological Science advance publication, vol. 129, no. 1, pp. 3-11., vol. 129, no. 1, pp. 3-11 Go to Journal website *PDF*
        16. Saber M. M., Karimiavargani M., Hettiarachchi N., Hamada M., Ito Y. and Saitou N.Saitou N. (2021) Possible roles for the hominoid-specific DSCR4 gene in human cells. Genes and Genetic Systems, vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 1-11. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        17. Ohno A., Umezawa K., Asai S., Kryukov K., Nakagawa S., Miyachi H., Imanishi T. (2021) Rapid profiling of drug-resistant bacteria using DNA-binding dyes and a nanopore-based DNA sequencer. Scientific Reports, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 3436. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        18. Matsuo Y., Komiya S., Yasumizu Y., Yasuoka Y., Mizushima K., Takagi T., Kryukov K, Imanishi T., Fukuda A., Morimoto Y., Naito Y., Okada H., Bono H., Nakagawa S., and Hirota K. (2021) Full-length 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis of human gut microbiota using MinION™ nanopore sequencing confers species-level resolution. BMC Microbiology, Open access.  Go to Journal website *PDF*
        19. Jinam T. A., Kawai Y, Kamatani Y, Sonoda S, Makisumi K, Sameshima H, Tokunaga T and Saitou N. (2021) Genome-wide SNP data of Izumo and Makurazaki populations support inner-dual structure model for origin of Yamato people. Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 66, pp. 681-687.  Go to Journal website*PDF* Go to Journal website*PDF*
           Go to Journal website *PDF*
        20. Orba Y., Matsuno K., Nakao R., Kryukov K., Saito Y., Kawamori F., Vega A. L., Watanabe T., Maemura T., Sasaki M., Hall W. W., Hall R. A. , Pereira J. A., Nakagawa S. and Sawa H. (2021) Diverse Mosquito Specific Flaviviruses in the Bolivian Amazon basin. Journal of General Virology, vol. 102. Go to Journal website
        21. Saitou N. (0020) iDarwin: Quixotic idea? iDarwin, vol. 0, pp. 1-6. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        22. Ikeo K. and Saitou N. (0020) Genome Concept Centennial Symposium. iDarwin, vol. 0, pp. 12-18. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        23. Yaponesian Genome Project Managing Group (SAITOU Naruya, SHINODA Ken-ichi, SUZUKI Hitoshi, FUJIO Shin-Ichiro, ENDO Mitsuaki, KIBE Nobuko, and OSADA Naoki) (0020) Introduction of Yaponesian Genome Project. iDarwin, vol. 0, pp. 19-23. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        24. Inoue J. and Saitou N. (2020) dbCNS: a new database for conserved noncoding sequences. Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 1665–1676. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        25. Kryukov A. P., Spiridonova L. N., Tyunin A. P., Kryukov K. A., Dorda B. A.  (2020) Complete mitochondrial genomes of five subspecies of the Eurasian magpie Pica pica, obtained with Oxford Nanopore MinION, and their interpretation regarding intraspecific taxonomy. Mitochondrial DNA part B, vol. 5, pp. 3810-3811.
                     Go to Journal website *PDF*                      
        26. Takahashi-Ueda M., Kryukov K., Mitsuhashi S., Mitsuhashi H., Imanishi T. and Nakagawa S. (2020) Comprehensive genomic analysis reveals dynamic evolution of endogenous retroviruses that code for retroviral-like protein domains. Mobile DNA, vol. 11. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        27. Kryukov K., Takahashi-Ueda M., Nakagawa S., and Imanishi T. (2020) Sequence Compression Benchmark (SCB) database—A comprehensive evaluation of reference-free compressors for FASTA-formatted sequences. GigaScience, vol. 9, pp. 1-12. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        28. Li Y., Fujiwara K., Osada N., Kawai Y., Takada T., Kryukov A. P., Abe K., Yonekawa H., Shiroishi T., Moriwaki K., Saitou N., and Suzuki H.  (2020) House mouse Mus musculus dispersal in East Eurasia inferred from 98 newly determined mitogenome sequences. Heredity, vol. 126, pp. 132-147. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        29. Kitano T., Kim C.-G., and Saitou N. (2020) Nucleotide sequencing of the HoxA gene cluster using gorilla fosmid clones. Journal of Genomics, vol. 8, pp. 80-83. Go to Journal *PDF*
        30. Babarinde I. A. and Saitou N. (2020) The dynamics, causes and impacts of mammalian evolutionary rates revealed by the analyses of capybara draft genome sequences. Genome Biology and Evolution, vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 1444–1458. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        31. Lado S., Elbers J. P., Doskocil A., Scaglione D., Trucchi E., Banabazi M. H., Almathen F., Saitou N., Ciani E., and Burger P. A. (2020) Genome-wide diversity and global migration patterns in dromedaries follow ancient caravan routes. Communications Biology, vol.3, pp. 1–8. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        32. Saitou N.  (2020) Darwin: An Introduction – Prospects for Modern Evolutionary Studies –. iDarwin, volume 0, pp. 24-28. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        33. Kanzawa-Kiriyama H., Jinam T. A., Kawai Y., Sato T., Hosomichi K., Tajima A., Adachi N., Matsumuira H., Kryukov K., Saitou N., and Shinoda K. (2019) Late Jomon male and female genome sequences from the Funadomari site in Hokkaido, Japan. Anthropological Science, vol. 127, no. 2, pp. 83-108. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        34. Kon T. and Inoue J. (2019) An outline of estimation of divergence time and diversification process based on the molecular phylogenetic. The Palaeontological Society of Japan, vol, 106, pp. 5-17. Go to Journal website
        35. Saitou N. (2018) Human evolution and human genome at a glance.  In Saitou N. ed.  "Evolution of the Human Genome, Volume I. Genes and Genomes", Springer Evolutionary Study Series, pp. 3-18. Go to website
        36. Saitou N. (2018) Introduction to Evolutuinary Genomics Second Edition. Springer Evolutionary Study Series Go to website
        37. Matsunami M., Endo D.,Saitou N., Suzuki H. and Onuma M.(2017) Draft genome sequence of Japanese wood mouse, Apodemus speciosus. Data in Brief, vol.16, pp. 43-46. Go to Journal website  *PDF*
        38. Jinam T. A., Phipps M. E., Aghakhanian F., Majumder P. P., Datar F., Stoneking M., Sawai H., Nishida N., Tokunaga K., Kawamura S., Omoto K. and Saitou N. (2017) Discerning the Origins of the Negritos, First Sundaland People: Deep Divergence and Archaic Admixture.  Genome Biology and Evolution, vol. 9, no.8, pp. 2013-2022. Go to Journal website  *PDF*
        39. Saber M. M. and Saitou N. (2017) Silencing effect of Hominoid highly conserved non-coding sequences on embryonic brain development.  Genome Biology and Evolution, vol. 9, no.8, pp. 2037-2048. Go to Journal website  *PDF*
        40. Saitou N. and Shokat S. (2017) DNA analyses of camels. Journal of Arid Land Studies, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 223-226. Go to Journal website  *PDF*
        41. Saitou N., Jinam T. A., Kanzawa-Kiriyama H. and Tokunaga k. (2017) Initial movements of modern humans in East Eurasia.  In Piper P.J.,  Matsumura H., and Bulbeck D. (eds.), "New Perspectives in Southeast Asian and Pacific Prehistory" pp. 44-50. *PDF*
        42. Saitou N. and Jinam T. A. (2017) Language diversity of the Japanese Archipelago and its relationship with human DNA diversity. Man in India, vol. 97, no. 1, pp. 205-228. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        43. Hettiarachchi N. and Saitou N. (2016) GC content heterogeneity transition of conserved noncoding sequences occurred at the emergence of vertebrates. Genome Biology and Evolution, vol. 8, no. 11, pp. 3377-3392. Go to Journal website  *PDF*
        44. Kanzawa-Kiriyama H., Kryukov K., Jinam T. A., Hosomichi K., Saso A., Suwa G., Ueda S., Yoneda M., Tajima A., Shinoda K., Inoue I. and Saitou N. (2016)  A partial nuclear genome of the Jomons who lived 3000 years ago in Fukushima, Japan. Journal of Human Genetics. (Advance online). Go to Journal website  *PDF* 
        45. Saber M. M., Babarinde I. A., Hettiarachchi N. and Saitou N. (2016)  Emergence and evolution of Hominidae-specific coding and noncoding genomic sequences. Genome Biology and Evolution, vol. 8, pp. 2076-2092. Go to Journal website  *PDF*
        46. Babarinde I. A. and Saitou N. (2016)  Genomic locations of conserved noncoding sequences and their proximal protein-coding genes in mammalian expression dynamics. Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 1807-1817. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        47. Ngai Y. and Saitou N. (2016) The effect of perfection statuses on mutation rates of microsatellites in primates. Anthropological Science, vol. 124, no. 2, pp. 85-92. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        48. Kitano T., Kim C.-G, Blancher A. and Saitou N. (2016) No distinction of orthology/paralogy between human and chimpanzee Rh blood group genes. Genome Biology and Evolution, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 519-527. Go to Journal website *PDF* 
        49. Jinam T. A., Kanzawa-Kiriyama H., Inoue I., Tokunaga K., Omoto K. and Saitou N. (2015) Unique characteristics of the Ainu population in northern Japan. Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 60, no. 10, pp. 565–571. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        50. Aghakhanian F., Yunus Y., Naidu R., Jinam T. A., Manica A., Hoh B. P. and Phipps M. E. (2015) Unravelling the genetic history of negritos and indigenous populations of southeast Asia. Genome Biology and Evolution, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 1206–1215. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        51. Jinam T. A., Kanzawa-Kiriyama H. and Saitou N. (2015) Human genetic diversity in the Japanese Archipelago: dual structure and beyond. Genes and Genetic Systems, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 147–152. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        52. Osada N., Hettiarachchi N., Babarinde I. A., Saitou N., and Blancher A. (2015) Whole-genome sequencing of six Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) reveals a genome-wide pattern of polymorphisms under extreme population bottleneck.  Genome Biology and Evolution, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 821-830. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        53. Yamamoto F., Cid E., Yamamoto M., Saitou N., Bertranpetit J. and Blancher A. (2014) An integrative evolution theory of histo-blood group ABO and related genes. Scientific Reports, vol. 4, article number. 6601. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        54. Hettiarachchi N.,  Kryukov K., Sumiyama K. and  Saitou N. (2014) Lineage specific conserved noncoding sequences of plant genomes: their possible role in nucleosome positioning. Genome Biology and Evolution, vol. 6, no. 9, pp. 2527–2542. Go to Journal website   
        55. Saitou N. (2014) Homo sapiens under neutral evolution. Genes and Environment, vol. 36, no. 3 pp. 99–102. Go to Journal website  *PDF*
        56. Saitou N. (2013) Introduction to Evolutionary Genomics. Springer Computational Biology Series. Go to Journal website
        57. Babarinde I. A. and Saitou N. (2013) Heterogeneous tempo and mode of conserved noncoding sequence evolution among four mammalian orders. Genome Biology and Evolution, vol. 5, pp. 2330-2343. Go to Journal website  *PDF*
        58. Fukuda K., Ichiyanagi K., Yamada Y., Go Y., Udono T., Wada S., Maeda T., Soejima H., Saitou N., Ito T., and Sasaki H. (2013) Regional DNA methylation differences between humans and chimpanzees are associated with genetic changes, transcriptional divergence and disease genes. Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 58, pp. 446-454. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        59. Jinam T. A., Phipps, M. E., Saitou N., and the HUGO Pan-Asian Consortium (2013) Admixture patterns and genetic differentiation in Negrito groups from West Malaysia estimated from genome-wide SNP data. Human Biology, vol. 85, pp. 173-188. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        60. Kanzawa-Kiriyama H., Saso A., Suwa G., and Saitou N. (2013) Ancient mitochondrial DNA sequences of Jomon teeth samples from Sanganji, Tohoku district, japan. Anthropological Science, vol. 121, no. 2, pp. 89-103. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        61. Amemiya C. T., Alföldi J., Lee A. P., Fan S., Philippe H., Maccallum I., Braasch I., Manousaki T., Schneider I., Rohner N., Organ C., Chalopin D., Smith J. J, Robinson M., Dorrington R. A., Gerdol M., Aken B., Biscotti M. A., Barucca M., Baurain D., Berlin A. M., Blatch G. L., Buonocore F., Burmester T., Campbell M. S., Canapa A., Cannon J. P., Christoffels A., De Moro G., Edkins A. L., Fan L., Fausto A. M., Feiner N., Forconi M., Gamieldien J., Gnerre S., Gnirke A., Goldstone J. V., Haerty W., Hahn M. E., Hesse U., Hoffmann S., Johnson J., Karchner S. I., Kuraku S., Lara M., Levin J. Z., Litman G. W., Mauceli E., Miyake T., Mueller M. G., Nelson D. R., Nitsche A., Olmo E., Ota T., Pallavicini A., Panji S., Picone B., Ponting C. P., Prohaska S. J., Przybylski D., Saha N. R., Ravi V., Ribeiro F. J. Sauka Spengler T., Scapigliati G., Searle S. M., Sharpe T., Simakov O., Stadler P. F., Stegeman J. J., Sumiyama K., Tabbaa D., Tafer H., Turner-Maier J., van Heusden P., White S., Williams L., Yandell M., Brinkmann H., Volff J. N., Tabin C. J., Shubin N., Schartl M., Jaffe D. B., Postlethwait J. H., Venkatesh B., Di Palma F., Lander E. S., Meyer A., Lindblad-Toh K. (2013) The African coelacanth genome provides insights into tetrapod evolution. Nature, vol. 496, no. 7445, pp. 311-316. Go to Journal website *PDF* 
        62. Goto A., Sumiyama K., Kamioka Y., Nakasyo E., Ito K., Iwasaki M., Enomoto H., and Matsuda M. (2013) GDNF and Endothelin 3 Regulate Migration of Enteric Neural Crest-Derived Cells via Protein Kinase A and Rac1.The Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 4901-4912. Go to Journal website *PDF* 
        63. Nakanishi A., Kobayashi N., Suzuki-Hirano A., Nishihara H., Sasaki T., Hirakawa M., Sumiyama K., Shimogori T., and Okada N. (2013)  A SINE-Derived Element Constitutes a Unique Modular Enhancer for Mammalian Diencephalic Fgf8. PLOS ONE, vol. 7, no. 8, e43785. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        64. Matsunami M. and Saitou N. (2013) Vertebrate paralogous conserved non-coding sequences may be related to gene expressions in brain. Genome Biology and Evolution, vol. 5, pp. 140-150. Go to Journal website *PDF* 
        65. Japanese Archipelago Human Population Genetics Consortium [Jinam T. A., Nishida N., Hirai M., Kawamura S., Oota H., Umetsu K., Kimura R., Ohashi J., Tajima A., Yamamoto T., Tanabe H., Mano S., Suto Y., Kaname T., Naritomi K., Yanagi K., Niikawa N., Omoto K., Tokunaga K., and Saitou N.] (2012) The history of human populations in the Japanese Archipelago inferred from genome-wide SNP data with a special reference to the Ainu and the Ryukyuan populations. Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 57, pp. 787-795. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        66. Jinam T. A., Hong L.-C., Phipps M. A., Stoneking M., Ameen M., Edo J., Pan-Asian SNP Consortium, and Saitou N. (2012) Evolutionary history of continental South East Asians: “early train” hypothesis based on genetic analysis of mitochondrial and autosomal DNA data. Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 29, pp. 3513-3527. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        67. Saitou N. and Kitano T. (2012) The PNarec method for detection of ancient recombinations through phylogenetic network analysis. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, vol. 66, pp. 507-514. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        68. Takahashi M. and Saitou N. (2012) Identification and characterization of lineage-specific highly conserved noncoding sequences in mammalian genomes. Genome Biology and Evolution, vol. 4, pp. 641-657. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        69. Kryukov K., Sumiyama K., Ikeo K., Gojobori T., and Saitou N. (2012) A new database (GCD) on genome composition for eukaryote and prokaryote genome sequences and their initial analyses. Genome Biology and Evolution, vol. 4, pp. 501-512. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        70. Sumiyama K., Miyake T., Grimwood J., Stuart A., Dickson M., Schmutz J., Ruddle F. H., Myers R. M., and Amemiya C. T. (2012) Theria-specific homeodomain and cis-regulatory element evolution of the Dlx3-4 bigene cluster in 12 different mammalian species. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution, vol. 318, no. 8, pp. 639-650. Go to Journal website *PDF* 
        71. Kitano T., Blancher A., and Saitou N. (2012) The functional A allele was resurrected via recombination in the human ABO blood group gene. Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 29, pp. 1791-1796. Go to Journal website *PDF* 
        72. Moriyama Y., Kawanishi T., Nakamura R., Tsukahara T., Sumiyama K., Suster M. L., Kawakami K., Toyoda A., Fujiyama A., Yasuoka Y., Nagao Y., Sawatari E., Shimizu A., Wakamatsu Y., Hibi M., Taira M., Okabe M., Naruse K., Hashimoto H., Shimada A., and Takeda H. (2012) The Medaka zic1/zic4 Mutant Provides Molecular Insights into Teleost Caudal Fin Evolution. Current Biology, vol. 22, no. 7, pp. 601-607. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        73. Kamioka Y., Sumiyama K., Mizuno R., Sakai Y., Hirata E., Kiyokawa E., and Matsuda M., co-first authors. (2012) Live Imaging of Protein Kinase Activities in Transgenic Mice Expressing FRET Biosensors. Cell Structure and Function, vol.37, no.1, pp.65-73. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        74. Smith J. J., Sumiyama K., and Amemiya C. T. (2012)  A living fossil in the genome of a living fossil: Harbinger transposons in the coelacanth genome. Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 985-993. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        75. Sumiyama K. and Saitou N. (2011) Loss-of-function mutation in a repressor module of human-specifically activated enhancer HACNS1. Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 28, pp. 3005-3007. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        76. Ezawa K., Ikeo K., Gojobori T., and Saitou N. (2011) Evolutionary patterns of recently emerged animal duplogs. Genome Biology and Evolution, vol. 3, pp. 1119-1135. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        77. Reich D., Patterson N., Kircher M., Delfin F., Nandineni M. R., Pugach I., Ko A. M.-S., Ko Y.-C., Jinam T. A., Phipps M. E., Saitou N., Wollstein A., Kayser M., Paabo S., and Stoneking M. (2011) Denisova Admixture and the First Modern Human Dispersals into Southeast Asia and Oceania. American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 89, pp. 516-528. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        78. Prakash T., Oshima K., Morita H., Fukuda S., Imaoka A., Kumar N., Sharma V. K., Takahashi M., Saitou N., Taylor T. F., Ohno H., Umesaki Y., and Hattori M. (2011) Complete genome sequences of rat and mouse segmented filamentous bacteria, a potent inducer of Th17 cell differentiation. Cell Host & Microbe, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 273-284. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        79. Suzuki R. and Saitou N. (2011) Exploration for functional nucleotide sequence candidates within coding regions of mammalian genes. DNA Research, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 177-183. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        80. Saitou N., Kimura R., Fukase H., Yogi A., Murayama S., and Ishida H. (2011) Advanced CT images reveal nonmetric cranial variations in living humans. Anthropological Science, vol. 119, no. 3, pp. 231-237. Go to Journal website *PDF* 
        81. Tashiro K., Teissier A., Kobayashi N., Nakanishi A., Sasaki T., Yan K., Tarabykin V., Vigier L., Sumiyama K., Hirakawa M., Nishihara H., Pierani A., and Okada N. (2011) A Mammalian Conserved Element Derived from SINE Displays Enhancer Properties Recapitulating Satb2 Expression in Early-Born Callosal Projection Neurons. PLOS ONE, vol. 6, no. 12, e28497. Go to Journal website *PDF* 
        82. Yuasa I., Irizawa Y., Nishimukai H., Fukumori Y., Umetsu K., Nakayashiki N., Saitou N., Henke L., and Henke J. (2011) A hypervariable STR polymorphism in thecomplement factor I (CFI) gene: Asian-specific alleles. International Journal of Legal Medicine, vol. 125, pp. 121-125.  Go to Journal website *PDF*
        83. Matsunami M., Sumiyama K., and Saitou N. (2010) Evolution of conserved non-coding sequences within the vertebrate Hox clusters through the two-round whole genome duplications revealed by phylogenetic footprinting analysis. Journal of Molecular Evolution, vol. 71, pp. 427-436. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        84. Oota S., Kawamura K., Kawai Y., and Saitou N. (2010) A new framework for studying the isochore evolution: estimation of the equilibrium GC content based on the temporal mutation rate model. Genome Biology and Evolution, vol. 2, pp. 558-571. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        85. Yuasa I., Umetsu K., Matsusue A., Nishimukai H., Harihara S., Fukumori Y., Saitou N., Jin F., Chattopadhyay P. K., Henke L., and Henke J. (2010) A Japanese-specific allele in the GALNT11 gene. Legal Medicine, vol. 12, pp. 208-211. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        86. Ezawa K., Ikeo K., Gojobori T., and Saitou N. (2010) Evolutionary Pattern of Gene Homogenization between Primate-Specific Paralogs after Human and Macaque Speciation using the 4-2-4 method. Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 27, pp. 2152-2171. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        87. Kitano T., Satou M., and Saitou N. (2010) Evolution of two Rh blood group-related genes of the amphioxus species Branchiostoma floridae. Genes and Genetic Systems, vol. 85, pp.121-127. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        88. Kryukov K. and Saitou N. (2010) MISHIMA - a new method for high speed multiple alignment of nucleotide sequences of bacterial genome scale data. BMC Bioinformatics, vol. 11, no.142. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        89. Jinam T. A., Saitou N., Edo J., Mahmood A., and Phipps M. E. (2010) Molecular analysis of HLA Class I and Class II genes in four indigenous Malaysian populations. Tissue Antigens, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 151-158. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        90. Aarnink A., Estrade L., Apoil P. A., Kita Y. F., Saitou N., Shiina T., and Blancher A. (2010) Study of cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) DRA polymorphism in four populations. Immunogenetics, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 123-136. Go to Journal website *PDF* 
        91. Sumiyama K., Kawakami K., Yagita K. (2010) A simple and highly efficient transgenesis method in mice with the Tol2 transposon system and cytoplasmic microinjection. Genomics, vol. 95, pp. 306-311. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        92. Yuasa I., Umetsu K., Nishimukai H., Fukumori Y., Harihara S., Saitou N., Jin F., Chattopadhyay P. K., Henke L., and Henke J. (2009) HERC1 polymorphisms: population-specific variations in haplotype composition. Cell Biochemistry and Function, vol. 27, pp. 402-405. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        93. Hattori E., Nakajima M., Yamada K., Iwayama Y., Toyota T., Saitou N., and Yoshikawa T. (2009) Variable number of tandem repeat polymorphisms of DRD4: re-evaluation of selection hypothesis and analysis of association with schizophrenia. European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 17, pp. 793-801. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        94. Takeshima S., Sarai Y., Saitou N., and Aida Y. (2009) MHC class II DR classification based on antigen-binding groove natural selection. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 385, pp. 137-142. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        95. Kitano T., Noda R., Takenaka O., and Saitou N. (2009) Relic of ancient recombinations in gibbon ABO blood group genes deciphered through phylogenetic network analysis. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, vol. 51, pp. 465-471. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        96. Takahashi M., Kryukov K., and Saitou N. (2009) Estimation of bacterial species phylogeny through oligonucleotide frequency distances. Genomics, vol. 93, pp. 525-533. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        97. Shimada M. K., Hayakawa S., Fujita S., Sugiyama Y., and Saitou N. (2009) Skewed matrilineal genetic composition in a small wild chimpanzee community. Folia Primatologica, vol. 80, no. 1, pp. 19-32. Go to Journal website *PDF* 
        98. Suster M. L., Sumiyama K., Kawakami K. (2009) Transposon-mediated BAC transgenesis in zebrafish and mice. BMC Genomics, vol. 10, pp. 477. Go to Journal website *PDF* 
        99. Sagai T., Amano T., Tamura M., Mizushina Y., Sumiyama K., and Shiroishi T. (2009) A cluster of three long-range enhancers directs regional Shh expression in the epithelial linings. Development, vol. 136, pp. 1665-1674. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        100. Yuasa I., Nakagawa M., Umetsu K., Harihara S., Matsusue A., Nishimukai H., Fukumori Y., Saitou N., Park K. S., Jin F., Lucotte G., Chattopadhyay P. K., Henke L., and Henke J. (2008) Molecular basis of complement factor I (CFI) polymorphism: one of two polymorphic suballeles responsible for CFI A is Japanese-specific. Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 53, pp. 1016-1021. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        101. Nemoto-Sasaki Y., Hayama K., Ohya H., Arata Y., Kato Kaneko M., Saitou N., Hirabayashi J., and Kasai K. (2008) Caenorhabditis eleganc galectins LEC-1-LEC-11: Structural features and sugar-binding properties. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, vol. 1780, pp. 1131-1142. Go to Journal website  *PDF*
        102. Saitou N. (2008) Genetic relationships of human populations in and around the Japanese archipelago. In Matsumura S., Forster P. and Renfrew C. (eds.), "Simulations, genetics and human prehistory", McDonald Institute Monographs, Cambridge, pp. 89-92. *PDF*
        103. Calafell F., Roubinet F., Ramirez-Soriano A., Saitou N., Bertranpetit J., and Blancher A. (2008) Evolutionary dynamics of the human ABO gene. Human Genetics, vol. 124, pp. 123-135. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        104. Sasaki T., Nishihara H., Hirakawa M., Fujimura K., Tanaka M., Kokubo N., Kimura-Yoshida C., Matsuo I., Sumiyama K., Saitou N., Shimogori T., and Okada N. (2008) Possible involvement of SINEs in mammalian-specific brain formation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A., vol. 105, no. 11, pp. 4220-4225. Go to Journal website  *PDF*
        105. Blancher A., Bonhomme M., Crouau-Roy B., Terao K., Kitano T., and Saitou N. (2008) Mitochondrial DNA sequence phylogeny of four populations of the widely distributed cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis fascicularis). Journal of Heredity, vol. 99, no. 3, pp. 254-264. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        106. Liu Y.-H., Takahashi A., Kitano T., Koide T., Shiroishi T., Moriwaki K., and Saitou N. (2008) Mosaic genealogy of the Mus musculus genome revealed by 21 nuclear genes from its three subspecies. Genes and Genetic Systems, vol. 83, pp. 77-88. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        107. Genome Information Integration Project And H-Invitational 2 (Yamasaki C., Murakami K., Fujii Y., Sato Y., Harada E., Takeda J., Taniya T., Sakate R., Kikugawa S., Shimada M., Tanino M., Koyanagi K. O., Barrero R. A., Gough C., Chun H. W., Habara T., Hanaoka H., Hayakawa Y., Hilton P. B., Kaneko Y., Kanno M., Kawahara Y., Kawamura T., Matsuya A., Nagata N., Nishikata K., Noda A. O. Nurimoto S., Saichi N., Sakai H., Sanbonmatsu R., Shiba R., Suzuki M., Takabayashi K., Takahashi A., Tamura T., Tanaka M., Tanaka S., Todokoro F., Yamaguchi K., Yamamoto N., Okido T., Mashima J., Hashizume A., Jin L., Lee K .B., Lin Y. C., Nozaki A., Sakai K., Tada M., Miyazaki S., Makino T., Ohyanagi H., Osato N., Tanaka N., Suzuki Y., Ikeo K., Saitou N., Sugawara H., O'Donovan C., Kulikova T., Whitfield E., Halligan B., Shimoyama M., Twigger S., Yura K., Kimura K., Yasuda T., Nishikawa T., Akiyama Y., Motono C., Mukai Y., Nagasaki H., Suwa M., Horton P., Kikuno R., Ohara O., Lancet D., Eveno E., Graudens E., Imbeaud S., Debily M. A., Hayashizaki Y., Amid C., Han M., Osanger A., Endo T., Thomas M. A., Hirakawa M., Makalowski W., Nakao M., Kim N. S., Yoo H. S., De Souza S. J., Bonaldo M. F., Niimura Y., Kuryshev V., Schupp I., Wiemann S., Bellgard M., Shionyu M., Jia L., Thierry-M. D., Thierry-M. J., Wagner L., Zhang Q. Go M., Minoshima S., Ohtsubo M., Hanada K., Tonellato P., Isogai T., Zhang J., Lenhard B., Kim S., Chen Z., Hinz U., Estreicher A., Nakai K., Makalowska I., Hide W., Tiffin N., Wilming L., Chakraborty R., Soares M. B., Chiusano M. L., Suzuki Y., Auffray C., Yamaguchi-Kabata Y., Itoh T., Hishiki T., Fukuchi S., Nishikawa K., Sugano S., Nomura N., Tateno Y., Imanishi T., and Gojobori T.) (2008) The H-Invitational Database (H-InvDB), a comprehensive annotation resource for human genes and transcripts. Nucleic Acids Research, 2008 Jan;36(Database issue):D793-D799. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        108. Matsuya A., Sakate R., Kawahara Y., Koyanagi K. O., Sato Y., Fujii Y., Yamasaki C., Habara T., Nakaoka H., Todokoro F., Yamaguchi K., Endo T., Oota S., Makalowski W., Ikeo K., Suzuki Y., Hanada K., Hashimoto K., Hirai M., Iwama H., Saitou N., Hiraki A. T., Jin L., Kaneko Y., Kanno M., Murakami K., Noda A.O., Saichi N., Sanbonmatsu R., Suzuki M., Takeda J., Tanaka M., Gojobori T., Imanishi T., Itoh T. (2008) Evola: Ortholog database of all human genes in H-InvDB with manual curation of phylogenetic trees. Nucleic Acids Research, Jan;36(Database issue):D787-92. Epub 2008 Nov 3. PMID: 17982176 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Go to Journal website *PDF* 
        109. Takahashi H., Kamiya A., Ishiguro A., Suzuki A. C., Saitou N., Toyoda A., and Aruga J. (2007) Conservation and Diversification of Msx Protein in Metazoan Evolution. Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 25, no.1, pp. 69-82. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        110. Yuasa I., Umetsu K., Harihara S., Kido A., Miyoshi A., Saitou N., Dashnyam B., Jin F., Lucotte G., Chattopadhyay P. K., Henke L., and Henke J. (2007) Distribution of two Asian-related coding SNPs in the MC1R and OCA2 genes. Biochemical Genetics, vol. 45, pp. 535-542. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        111. Yuasa I., Umetsu K., Harihara S., Miyoshi A., Saitou N., Park K. S., Dashnyam B., Jin F., Lucotte G., Chattopadhyay P. K., Henke L., and Henke J. (2007) OCA2 481Thr, a hyofunctionl allele in pigmentation, is characteristic of northeastern Asian populations. Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 52, no. 8, pp. 690-693. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        112. Kitano T., Umetsu K., Tian W., Yamazaki K., and Saitou N. (2007) Tempo and mode of evolution of the Rh blood group genes before and after gene duplication. Immunogenetics, vol. 59, pp. 427-431. Go to Journal website *PDF* 
        113. Tamura M., Tanaka S., Fujii T., Aoki A., Komiyama H., Ezawa K., Sumiyama K., Sagai T., and Shiroishi T. (2007) Members of a novel gene family, Gsdm,are expressed exclusively in the epithelium of the skin and gastrointestinal tract in a highly tissue-specific manner. Genomics, vol. 89, no. 5, pp. 618-629. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        114. Yuasa I., Umetsu K., Harihara S., Kido A., Miyoshi A., Saitou N., Dashnyam B., Jin F., Lucotte G., Chattopadhyay P. K., Henke L., and Henke J. (2006) Distribution of the F374 allele of the SLC45A2 (MATP) gene and founder-haplotype analysis. Annals of Human Genetics, vol. 69, pp. 1-10. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        115. Kitano T., Tian W., Umetsu K., Yuasa I., Yamazaki K., Saitou N., and Osawa M. (2006) Origin and evolution of gene for prolactin-induced protein. Gene, vol. 383, pp. 64-70. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        116. Aruga J., Kamiya A., Takahashi H., Fujimi T. J., Shimizu Y., Ohkawa K., Yazawa S., Umesono Y., Noguchi H., Shimizu T., Saitou N., Mikoshiba K., Sakaki Y., Agata K., Toyoda A. (2006) A wide-range phylogenetic analysis of Zic proteins: Implications for correlations between protein structure conservation and body plan complexity. Genomics, vol. 87, no. 6, pp. 783-792. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        117. Yoshiura K., Kinoshita A., Ishida T., Ninokata A., Ishikawa T., Kaname T., Bannai M., Tokunaga K., Sonoda S., Komaki R., Ihara M., Saenko V. A., Alipov G. K., Sekine I., Komatsu K., Takahashi H., Nakashima M., Sosonkina N., Mapendano C. K., Ghadami M., Nomura M., Liang D. S., Miwa N., Kim D. K., Garidkhuu A., Natsume N., Ohta T., Tomita H., Kaneko A., Kikuchi M., Russomando G., Hirayama K., Ishibashi M., Takahashi A., Saitou N., Murray J. C., Saito S., Nakamura Y., and Niikawa N. (2006) A SNP in the ABCC11 gene is the determinant of human earwax type. Nature Genetics, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 324-330. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        118. Ezawa K., Oota S., and Saitou N. (2006) Genomewide search of gene conversions in duplicated genes of mouse and rat. Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 927-940. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        119. Kim H. S., Yi J. M., Hirai H., Huh J. W., Jeong M. S., Jang S. B., Kim C. G., Saitou N. , Hyun B. H., and Lee W. H. (2006) Human Endogenous Retrovirus (HERV)-R family in primates: Chromosomal location, gene expression, and evolution. Gene, vol. 370, pp. 34-42. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        120. Kuroki Y., Toyoda A., Noguchi H., Taylor T. D., Itoh T., Kim D. S., Kim D. W., Choi S. H., Kim I. C., Choi H. H., Kim Y. S., Satta Y., Saitou N., Yamada T., Morishita S., Hattori M., Sakaki Y., Park H. S., and Fujiyama A. (2006) Comparative analysis of chimpanzee and human Y chromosomes unveils complex evolutionary pathway. Nature Genetics, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 158-167. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        121. Li S. L., Yamamoto T., Yoshimoto T., Uchihi R., Mizutani M., Kurimoto Y., Tokunaga K., Jin F., Katsumata Y., and Saitou N. (2006) Phylogenetic relationship of the populations within and around Japan using 105 short tandem repeat polymorphic loci. Human Genetics, vol. 118, no. 6, pp. 695-707. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        122. Saitou N. (2006) Relationship between genetic and linguistic differentiation of people in Eurasia. In Osada T. and Hase N. (eds.) Proceedings of the Pre-symposium of RIHN and 7th ESCA Harvard-Kyoto Roundtable, pp. 220-222. *PDF* 
        123. Masuya H., Sezutsu H., Sakuraba Y., Sagai T., Hosoya M., Kaneda H., Miura I., Kobayashi K., Sumiyama K., Shimizu A., Nagan, J., Yokoyama H., Kaneko S., Sakurai N., Okagaki Y., Noda T., Wakana S., Gondo Y., and Shiroishi T. (2006) A series of ENU-induced single base substitutions in a long-range cis-element altering Sonic hedgehog expression in the developing mouse limb bud. Genomics, vol. 89, no. 2, pp. 207-214. Go to Journal website *PDF* 
        124. Kitano T. and Saitou N. (2005) Evolutionary conservation of 5' upstream sequence of nine genes between human and great apes. Genes and Genetic Systems, vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 225-232. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        125. Kurosaki K., Wang L., Tang J., Wang W., Saitou N., Endo T., and Ueda S. (2005) Identification of a bronze weapon based on an embedded fragment in a 3000-year-old skull. Forensic Science International, vol. 151, pp. 105-108. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        126. Nakajima T., Wooding S., Satta Y., Jinnai N., Goto S., Hayasaka I., Saitou N., Guan-Jun J., Tokunaga K., Jorde L.B., Emi M., and Inoue I. (2005) Evidence for natural selection in the HAVCR1 gene: high degree of amino-acid variability in the mucin domain of human HAVCR1 protein. Genes Immunology, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 398-406. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        127. Tateno Y., Saitou N., Okubo K., Sugawara H., and Gojobori T. (2005) DDBJ in collaboration with mass-sequencing teams on annotation. Nucleic Acids Research, vol. 33, Database issue, pp. D25-D28. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        128. Saitou N. (2005) Evolution of hominoids and the search for a genetic basis for creating humanness. Cytogenetic and Genome Research, vol. 108, pp. 16-21. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        129. Shimada M., Kim C. -G., Kitano T., Ferell R. E., Kohara Y., and Saitou N. (2005) Nucleotide sequence comparison of a chromosome rearrangement on the human chromosome 12 and corresponding ape chromosomes. Cytogenetic and Genome Research, vol. 108, pp. 83-90. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        130. Abe K., Noguchi H., Tagawa K., Yuzuriha M., Toyoda A., Kojima T., Ezawa K., Saitou N., Hattori M., Sakaki Y., Moriwaki K., and Shiroishi T. (2004) Contribution of Asian mouse subspecies Mus musculus molossinus to genomic constitution of strain C57BL/6J, as defined by BAC end sequence-SNP analysis. Genome Research, vol. 14, pp. 2239-2247. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        131. Shimada M., Hayakawa S., Hamle T., Fujita S., Hirata S., Sugiyama Y., and Saitou N. (2004) Mitochondrial DNA Genealogy of Chimpanzees in Nimba Mountains and Bossou, West Africa. American Journal of Primatology, vol. 64, pp. 261-275. Go to Journal website  *PDF*
        132. Tomiki T. and Saitou N. (2004) Phylogenetic analysis of proteins associated in the four major energy metabolism systems: photosynthesis, aerobic respiration, denitrification, and sulfur respiration. Journal of Molecular Evolution, vol. 59, pp. 158-176. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        133. Andres A. M., Soldevila M., Lao O., Volpini V., Saitou N., Jacobs H. T., Hayasaka I., Calafell F., and Bertranpetit J. (2004) Comparative genetics of functional trinucleotide tandem repeats in humans and apes. Journal of Molecular Evolution, vol. 59, pp. 329-339. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        134. Duan J., Martinez M., Sanders A. R., Hou C., Saitou N., Kitano T., Mowry B. J., Crowe R. R., Silverman J. M., Levinson D. F., , and Gejman P. V. (2004) Polymorphisms in the Trace Amine Receptor 4 (TRAR4) Gene on Chromosome 6q23.2 Are Associated with Susceptibility to Schizophrenia. American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 75, no. 4, pp. 624-638. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        135. The International Chimpanzee Chromosome 22 Consortium [Watanabe H., Fujiyama A., Hattori M., Taylor T. D., Toyoda A., Kuroki Y., Noguchi H., BenKahla A., Lehrach H., Sudbrak R., Kube M., Taenzer S., Galgoczy P., Platzer M., Scharfe M., Nordsiek G., Blocker H., Hellmann I., Khaitovich P., Paabo S., Reinhardt R., Zheng H.-J., Zhang X.-L., Zhu G.-F., Wang B.-F., Fu G., Ren9 S.-X., Zhao G.-P., Chen Z., Lee Y.-S., Cheong J.-E., Choi S.-H., Wu K.-M., Liu T.-T., Hsiao K.-J., Tsai S.-F., Kim C.-G, Oota S., Kitano T., Kohara Y., Saitou N., Park H.-S., Wang S.-Y., YaspoM.-L., and Sakaki Y.] (2004) DNA sequence and comparative analysis of chimpanzee chromosome 22. Nature, vol. 429, no. 6990, pp. 382-388. Go to Journal website  *PDF*
        136. Roubinet F., Despiau S.-P., Calafell F., Jin F., Bertanpetit J., Saitou N., and Blancher A. (2004) Evolution of O alleles of the human ABO blood group gene. Transfusion, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 707-715. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        137. Imanishi T., and many other authors including Saitou N., ..., and Sugano S. (2004) Integrative annotation of 21,037 human genes validated by full-length cDNA clones. PLoS Biology, vol. 2, issue 6, pp. 1-20. Go to Journal website  *PDF*
        138. Nakajima T., Wooding S., Sakagami T., Emi M., Tokunaga K., Tamiya G., Ishigami T., Umemura S., Munkhbat B., Jin F., Guan-Jun J., Hayasaka I., Ishida T., Saitou N., Pavelka K., Lalouel J. M., Jorde L. B., and Inoue I. (2004) Natural selection and population history in the human angiotensinogen gene (AGT): 736 complete AGT sequences in chromosomes from around the world. American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 74, no. 5, pp. 898-916. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        139. Kitano T.,  Liu Y.-H., Ueda S., and Saitou N. (2004) Human specific amino acid changes found in 103 protein coding genes. Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 936-944. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        140. Takahashi A., Liu Y.-H., and Saitou N. (2004) Genetic variation versus recombination rate in a structured population of mice. Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 21, pp. 404-409. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        141. Tachikui H., Saitou N., Nakajima T.,Hayasaka I., Ishida T., and Inoue I. (2003) Lineage specific homogenization of the polyubiquitin gene among human and great apes. Journal of Molecular Evolution, vol. 57, pp. 737-744. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        142. Sakaki Y., Watanabe H., Taylor T., Hattori M., Fujiyama A., Toyoda A., Kuroki Y., Itoh T., Saitou N., Oota S., Kim C.-G., Kitano T., Lehrach H., Yaspo M. L., Sudbrak R., Kahla A., Reinhardt R., Kube M., Platzer M., Taenzer S., Galgoczy P., Kel A., Bloecker H., Scharfe M., Nordsiek G., Hellmann I., Khaitovich P., Paabo S., Chen Z., Wang S. Y., Ren S. X., Zhang X. L., Zheng H. J., Zhu G. F., Wang B. F., Zhao G. P., Tsai S. F., Wu K.., Liu T. T., Hsiao K. J., Park H. S., Lee Y. S., Cheong J. E., Choi S. H.;Chimpanzee Chromosome 22 Sequencing Consortium. (2003) Human versus chimpanzee chromosome-wide sequence comparison and its evolutionary implication. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, vol. 68, pp. 455-460. Go to Journal website
        143. Kryukov K. and Saitou N. (2003) Netview: application software for constructing and visually exploring phylogenetic networks. Genome Informatics, 14, pp. 280-281. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        144. Tozaki T., Takezaki N., Hasegawa T., Ishida N., Kurosawa M., Tomita M., Saitou N., and Mukoyama H. (2003) Microsatellite variation in Japanese and Asian horses and their phylogenetic relationship using a European horse outgroup. Journal of Heredity, vol. 94, no. 5, pp. 374-380. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        145. Takeshima S., Saitou N., Morita M., Inoko H., and Aida Y. (2003) The diversity of bovine MHC class II DRB3 genes in Japanese Black, Japanese Shorthorn, Jersey and Holstein cattle in Japan. Gene, vol. 316 , pp. 111-118. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        146. Kim C.-G., Fujiyama A., and Saitou N. (2003) Construction of a gorilla fosmid library and its PCR screening system. Genomics, vol. 82, pp. 571-574. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        147. Maruyama S., Minaguchi K., and Saitou N. (2003) Sequence polymorphisms of the mitochondrial DNA control region and phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA lineages in the Japanese population. International Journal of Legal Medicine, vol. 117 , pp. 218-225. Go to Journal website  *PDF*
        148. Tajima A., Cheih S., Sun C.-S., Pan I-H., Ishida T., Saitou N., and Horai S. (2003) Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms in nine aboriginal groups of Taiwan: implications for the population history of aboriginal Taiwanese. Human Genetics, vol. 113, pp. 24-33. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        149. Osawa M., Kaneko M., Horiuchi H., Kitano T., Kawamoto Y., Saitou N., and Umetsu K. (2003) Evolution of the cystatin B gene: implications for the origin of its variable dodecamer tandem repeat in humans. Genomics, vol. 81, pp. 78-84. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        150. Duan J., Wainwright M. S., JComeron J. M., Saitou N., Sanders A. R., Gelernter J., and Gejman P. V. (2003) Synonymous mutations in the human dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) affect mRNA stability and synthesis of the receptor. Human Molecular Genetics, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 205-216. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        151. Andres A. M., Soldevila M., Saitou N., Volpini V., Calafell F., and Bertranpetit J. (2003) Understanding the dynamics of Spinocerebellar Ataxia 8 (SCA8) locus through a comparative genetic approach in humans and apes. Neuroscience Letters, vol. 336, pp. 143-146. Go to Journal website *PDF* 
        152. Sumiyama K. and Ruddle F. H. (2003) Regulation of Dlx3 gene expression in visceral arches by evolutionarily conserved enhancer elements.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 100, pp. 4030-4034. Go to Journal website *PDF* 
        153. Kim C. B., Shashikant C. S., Sumiyama K., Wang W. C. H., Amemiya C. T., and Ruddle F. H. (2003) Phylogenetic Analysis of the MammalianHoxc8 Non-coding Region.Journal of Structural and Functional Genomics, vol .3, pp. 195-199. Go to Journal website *PDF* 
        154. Sumiyama K., Irvine S. Q., and Ruddle F. H. (2003) The role of gene duplication in the evolution and function of the vertebrate distal-less/Dlx bigene cluster. Journal of Structural and Functional Genomics, vol. 3, pp. 151-159. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        155. Oota S. and Saitou N. (2002) NJML+P: A Hybrid Algorithm of The Maximum Likelihood and Neighbor-Joining Methods Using Parallel Computing. Proceedings of Genome Informatics, vol. 13, pp. 434-435. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        156. Umetsu K., Iwabuchi N., Yuasa I., Saitou N., Clark P. F., Boxshall G., Osawa M., Igarashi K. (2002) Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of a tadpole shrimp (Triops cancriformis) and analysis of museum samples. Electrophoresis, vol. 23, pp. 4080-4084. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        157. Oota H., Saitou N., and Ueda S. (2002) A large-scale analysis of human mitochondrial DNA sequences with special reference to the population history of East Eurasian. Anthropological Science, vol. 110, no. 3, pp. 293-312. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        158. Sumiyama K., Saitou N., and Ueda S. (2002) Adaptive evolution of the IgA hinge region in primates. Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 1093-1099. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        159. Yamaoka Y., Orito E., Mizokami M., Gutierrez O., Saitou N., Kodama T., Osato M. S., Kim J. G., Ramirez F. C., Mahachai V., and Graham D. Y. (2002) Helicobacter pylori in North and South America before Columbus. FEBS Letter, vol. 517, pp. 180-184. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        160. Oota H., Kitano T., Jin F., Yuasa I., Wang L., Ueda S., Saitou N., and Stoneking M. (2002) Extreme mtDNA homogeneity in continental Asian populations. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, vol. 118, no. 2, pp. 146-53. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        161. Sawada H., Kanaya S., Tsuda M., Suzuki F., Azegami K., and Saitou N. (2002) Phylogenomic study of OCTase genes in Pseudomonas syringae pathovars: Horizontal transfer of argK-tox cluster and evolutionary history of OCTase genes on their genomes. Journal of Molecular Evolution, vol. 54, pp. 437-457. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        162. Tateno Y., Imanishi T., Miyazaki S., Fukami-Kobayashi K., Saitou N., Sugawara H., and Gojobori T. (2002) DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) for genome scale research in life science. Nucleic Acids Research, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 27-30. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        163. Fujiyama A., Watanabe H., Toyoda A., Taylor T. D., Itoh T., Tsai S.-F., Park H.-S., Yaspo M.-L., Lehrach H., Chen Z., Fu G., Saitou N., Osoegawa K., de Jong P. J., Suto Y., Hattori M., and Sakaki Y. (2002) Construction and Analysis of a Human-Chimpanzee Comparative Clone Map. Science, vol. 295, no. 5552, pp. 131-134. PubMed Abstract *PDF*　
        164. Bayarsaihan D., Dunai J., Greally J. M., Kawasaki K., Sumiyama k., Enkhmandakh B., Shimizu N., and Ruddle F. H. (2002) Genomic organization of the genes gtf2ird1, gtf2i, and ncf1 at the mouse chromosome 5 region syntenic to the human chromosome 7q11.23 Williams syndrome critical region. Genomics, vol. 79, pp. 137-143. Go to Journal website *PDF* 
        165. Sumiyama K., Irvine S. Q., Stock D. W., Weiss K. M., Kawasaki K., Shimizu N., Shashikant C. S., Miller W., and Ruddle F. H. (2002) Genomic Structure and Functional Control of the Dlx3-7 Bigene Cluster. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 99, pp. 780-785. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        166. Noda R., Kim C.-G., Takenaka O., Ferrell R. E., Tanoue T., Hayasaka I., Ueda S., Ishida T., and Saitou N. (2001) Mitochondrial 16S rRNA sequence diversity of hominoids. Journal of Heredity, vol. 92, pp. 490-496.
          PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        167. Kaneko M., Nishihara S., Narimatsu H., and Saitou N. (2001) The evolutionary history of glycosyltransferase genes. Trends in Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, vol. 13, no. 70, pp. 147-155. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        168. Misu S., Iizuka T., Kawanishi Y., Fukami K., and Saitou N. (2001) CAMUS DB for amino acid sequence data. Genome Informatics 2001, pp. 502-503. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        169. Yuasa I., Umetsu K., Ago K., Sun C.-S., Pan I-H., Ishida T., Saitou N., and Horai S. (2001) Population genetic studies on nine aboriginal ethnic groups of Taiwan. II. Serum protein systems. Anthropological Science, vol. 109, no. 4, pp. 257-273. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        170. Umetsu K., Tanaka M., Yuasa I., Saitou N., Naito E., Ago K., Nakayashiki N., Miyoshi A., Kashimura S., Watanabe G., and Osawa M. (2001) Multiplex amplified product length polymorphism analysis to rapidly detect human mitochondrial DNA variations. Electrophoresis, vol. 22, pp. 3533-3538. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        171. Yamamoto M., Lin X.-H., Kominato Y., Hata Y., Noda R., Saitou N., and Yamamoto F. (2001) Murine equivalent of the human histo-blood group ABO gene is a cis-AB gene and encodes a glycosyltransferase with both A and B transferase activity. Journal of Biological Chemmistry, vol. 276, no. 17, pp. 13701-13708. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        172. Osawa M., Yuasa I., Kitano T., Heinke J., Kaneko M., Saitou N., and Umetsu K. (2001) Haplotype analysis of human alpha2-HS glycoprotein (fetuin). Annals of Human Genetics, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 27-34. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        173. Sanders A. R., Cao Q., Taylor J., Levin T. E., Badner J. A., Cravchik A., Comeron J. M., Saitou N., Del Rosario, Salvi A. D. A., Walczyk K. A., Goldin L. R., Mowry B. J., Levinson D. F., Crowe R. R., Silverman J. M., and Gejman P. V. (2001) Genetic Diversity of the Human Serotonin Receptor 1B (HTR1B) Gene. Genomics, vol. 72, pp. 1-14. Go to Journal website *PDF* 
        174. Sumiyama K., Kim C. B., and Ruddle F. H. (2001) An efficient cis-element discovery method using multiple sequence comparisons based on evolutionary relationships. Genomics, vol. 71, pp. 260-262. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        175. Sumiyama K., Kitano T., Noda R., Ueda S., Ferrell R., and Saitou N. (2000) Gene diversity of chimpanzee ABO blood group genes elucidated from exon 7 sequences. Gene, vol. 259, pp. 75-79. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        176. Wang L., Oota H., Saitou N., Jin F., Matsushita T., and Ueda S. (2000) Genetic structure of a 2500-year-old human population in China and its spatiotemporal changes. Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 1396-1400. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        177. Kitano T. and Saitou N. (2000) Evolutionary history of the Rh blood group-related genes in vertebrates. Immunogenetics, vol. 51, no. 7, pp. 856-862. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        178. Noda R., Kitano T., Takenaka O., and Saitou N. (2000) Evolution of the ABO blood group gene in Japanese macaque. Genes and Genetic Systems, vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 141-147. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        179. Kitano T., Noda R., Sumiyama K., Ferrell R. E., and Saitou N. (2000) Gene diversity of chimpanzee ABO blood group genes elucidated from intron 6 sequences. Journal of Heredity, vol. 91, no. 3, pp. 211-214. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        180. Kikuchi M., Misu S., Imanishi T., and Saitou N. (2000) CAMUS DB: Development of structural database for homology search. In Miyano S., Shamir R., and Takagi T. (eds.), "Currents in Computational Molecular Biology", Universal Academy Press, Tokyo, pp. 80-81. *PDF*
        181. Saitou N. (2000) Programs for constructing phylogenetic trees and networks of closely related sequences. In Iwatuki.K. (ed.), "IIAS International Symposium on Biodiversity", International Institute for Advanced Studies, Kyoto, pp. 45-50. *PDF* 
        182. Kitano T., Oota S., and Saitou N. (1999) Molecular evolutionary analyses of the Rh blood group genes and Rh50 genes in mammales. Zoological Studies, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 379-386. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        183. Kitano T. and Saitou N. (1999) Evolution of Rh blood group genes have experienced gene conversions and positive selection. Journal of Molecular Evolution, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 615-626. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        184. Sawada H., Suzuki F., Matsuda I., and Saitou N. (1999) Phylogenetic analysis of Pseudomonas syringe pathovar suggests the horizontal gene transfer of argK and the evolutionary stability of hrp gene cluster. Journal of Molecular Evolution, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 627-644. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        185. Kaneko M., Kudo T., Iwasaki H., Shiina T., Inoko H., Kozaki T., Saitou N., and Narimatsu H. (1999) Assignment of the human alpha 1,3-fucosyltransferase IX (FUT9) gene to chromosome band 6q16 by in situ hybridization. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics, vol. 86, pp. 329-330. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        186. Jin F., Saitou N., Ishida T., Sun C.-S., Pan I-H., Omoto K., and Horai S. (1999) Population genetic studies on nine aboriginal ethnic groups of Taiwan. I Red cell enzyme systems. Anthropological Science, vol. 107, no. 3, pp. 229-246. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        187. Kobayashi K., Iwasaki M., Suzuki Y., Suzuki H., and Saitou N. (1999) An analysis of polymorphism for the ABO blood group genes in a Japanese population based on polymerase chain reaction. Anthropological Science, vol. 107, no. 2, pp. 109-121. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        188. Kaneko M., Kudo T., Iwasaki H., Ikehara Y., Nishihara S., Nakagawa S., Sasaki K., Shiina T., Inoko H., Saitou N., and Narimatsu H. (1999) alpha1-3-Fucosyltransferase IX (Fuc-TIX) is very highly conserved between human and mouse; molecular cloning, characterization and tissue distribution of human Fuc-TIX. FEBS Letters, vol. 452, pp. 237-242. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        189. Oota S. and Saitou N. (1999) Phylogenetic relationship of muscle tissues deduced from superimposition of gene trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 856-867. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        190. Jin F., Saitou N., and Omoto K. (1999) Population genetic studies on the Chinese. In Omoto K. (ed.), "Interdisciplinary Perspectives on the Origin of Japanese", International Research Center for Japanese Studies, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 15-24. *PDF*
        191. Oota H., Saitou N., Kurosaki K., Pookajorn S., Ishida T, Matsushita T., and Ueda S. (1999) Ancient DNA: a New Strategy for Studying Population History. In Omoto K. (ed.), "Interdisciplinary Perspectives on the Origin of Japanese", International Research Center for Japanese Studies, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 25-41. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        192. Kitakami H., Mori Y., Oota S., and Saitou N. (1999) Satisfying the zero-crossover constraints for reconciliation across heterogeneous trees (in Japanese). Database, vol. 40, no. SIG 5, pp. 1-14. *PDF*
        193. Sato H., Koide T., Sagai T., Ishiguro S.-I., Tamai M., Saitou N., and Shiroishi T. (1999) The genomic organization of type I keratin genes in Mice. Genomics, vol. 56, pp. 303-309. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        194. Oota H., Saitou N., Matsushita T., and Ueda S. (1999) Molecular genetic analysis of remains of a 2,000-year old human population in China-and its relevance for the origin of the modern japanese population. American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 250-258. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        195. Yuan Y. D., Jin F., Zhang C., and Saitou N. (1999) The Study of the Distribution of Chinese Surnames and the Diversity of Genetic Population Structure in the Song Dynasty (in Chinese). Acta Genetica Sinica, vol. 26, pp. 187-197. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        196. Kitano T., Sumiyama K., Shiroishi T., and Saitou N. (1998) Conserved evolution of the Rh50 gene compared to its homologous Rh blood group gene. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 249, no. 1, pp. 78-85. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        197. Saitou N. and Yamamoto F.-I. (1997) Evolution of primate ABO blood group genes and their homologous genes. Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 399-411. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        198. Kitano T., Matsuoka N., and Saitou N. (1997) Phylogenetic relationship of the genus Oncorhynchus species inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial markers. Genes and Genetic Systems, vol. 72, no. 1, pp. 25-34. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        199. Omoto K. and Saitou N. (1997) Genetic origins of the Japanese: A partial support for the "dual structure hypothesis". American Journal of Physical Anthropology, vol. 102, no. 4, pp. 437-446. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        200. Oota S. and Saitou N. (1997)CCIn Miyano S. and Takagi T. (eds.), Genome Informatics 1997, Universal Academy Press, Tokyo, pp. 326-327. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        201. Fukagawa T., Nakamura Y., Okumura K., Ando A., Inoko H., Saitou N., and Ikemura T. (1996) Human pseudoautosomal boundary-like sequences: expression, and involvement in evolutionary formation of the present-day pseudoautosomal boundary of human sex chromosome. Human Molecular Genetics, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 23-32. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        202. Omoto K., Hirai M., Harihara S., Jin F., Misawa S., Washio K., Tokunaga K., Saitou N., Yamazaki K., Du R, Hao L., Yuan Y., Luo Z., Xu J., Hu J., Wei X., Li S., Zhao H., Zhang Z., Niu K., Du C., and Lu B. (1996) Population genetic studies on national minorities in China. In Akazawa K. (ed.), Proceedings of the First Conference on the Dispersal of Prehistoric Mongoloids, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 135-145.
        203. Saitou N. (1996) Reconstruction of gene trees from sequence data. In Doolittle R. (ed.), Methods in Enzymology, vol. 266, Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, pp. 427-449. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        204. Ohtsuka H., Oyanagi M., Mafune Y., Miyashita N., Shiroishi T., Moriwaki K., Kominami R., and Saitou N. (1996) The presence/absence polymorphism and evolution of p53 pseudogene within the genus Mus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 548-556. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        205. Ogasawara K., Bannai M., Saitou N., Yabe R., Nakata K., Takenaka M., Fujisawa K., Uchikawa M., Ishikawa Y., Juji T., and Tokunaga K. (1996) Extensive polymorphism of ABO blood group gene: Three major lineages of the alleles for the common ABO phenotypes. Human Genetics, vol. 97, pp. 777-783. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        206. Saitou N. (1996) Contrasting gene trees and population trees on the evolution of modern humans. In Boyce A. J. and Mascie-Taylor C.G.N. (eds.), Society for the Study of Human Biology Symposium Series: Molecular Biology and Human Diversity, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 265-282. *PDF*
        207. Sumiyama K., Washio-Watanabe K., Saitou N., Hayakawa T., and Ueda S. (1996) Class III POU Genes: Generation of Homopolymeric Amino Acid Repeats Under GC Pressure in Mammals. Journal of Molecular Evolution, vol. 43, pp. 170-178. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        208. Ogasawara K., Yabe R., Uchikawa M., Saitou N., Bannai M., Nakata K., Takenaka M., Fujisawa K., Juji T., and Tokunaga K. (1996) Molecular genetic analysis of the variant phenotypes of the ABO blood group system. Blood, vol. 77, no. 7, pp. 2732-2737. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        209. Oota S., Saitou N., and Kunifuji S. (1995) Application of a parallel logic programming for reconstruction of molecular phylogenetic trees using the maximum likelihood method. In Chikawama T., Nakashima H., and Tick E. (eds.), ICLP'95 Workshop on Parallel Logic Programming, Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Tokyo, pp. 61-72. *PDF*
        210. Saitou N. (1995) A genetic affinity analysis of human populations. Human Evolution, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 17-33. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        211. Jin F., Saitou N., Ishida T., Sun C.-S., Pan I.-H., Omoto K., and Horai S. (1995) Genetic Polymorphism of ADA in Taiwan Aboriginal Populations: New ADA Variants Detected by Isoelectric Focusing Method. Anthropological Science, vol. 103, no. 3, pp. 227-234. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        212. Ishida N., Oyunsuren T., Mashima S., Mukoyama H., and Saitou N. (1995) Mitochondrial DNA sequences of various species of the genus Equus with a special reference to the phylogenetic relationship between Przewalskii's wild horse and domestic horse. Journal of Molecular Evolution, vol. 41, pp. 180-188. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        213. Umetsu K., Yuasa I., Harada A., Suzuki T., Pan I-H., Ishida T., Saitou N., and Horai S. (1995) Orosomucoid phenotyping with monoclonal antibodies: polymorphic occueernce of ORM1*Q0 in aboriginal Tawaniese populations. Human Heredity, vol. 45, pp. 181-185. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        214. Oota H., Saitou N., Matsushita T., and Ueda S. (1995) A genetic study of 2,000-year-old human remains from Japan using mitochondrial DNA sequences. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, vol. 98, pp. 133-145. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        215. Kitakami H., Shin-I T., Ikeo K., Ugawa Y., Saitou N., Gojobori T., and Tateno Y. (1995) Yamato and Asuka: DNA database management system. Proceedings of the 28th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences - 1995, pp. 72-80. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        216. Saitou N. (1995) Methods for building phylogenetic trees of genes and species. In Griffin H. and Griffin A. (eds.), Molecular Biology: Current Innovations and Future Trends Part 2, Horizon Scientific Press, Wymondham, U.K., pp. 115-135. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        217. Yanagihara R., Saitou N., Nerurkar V. R., Song K. J., Bastian I., Franchini G., and Gajdusek D. C. (1995) Molecular phylogeny and dissemination of human T-cell lymphotrophic virus. Cellular and Molecular Biology, vol. 41, S145-S161. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        218. Kitakami H., Yamazaki Y., Ikeo K., Ugawa Y., Shin-i T., Saitou N., Gojobori T., and Tateno Y. (1994) Building and search system for a large-scale DNA database. In Schulze-Krmer S. ed., Advances in Molecular Bioinformatics, IOS Press, London, pp. 123-138. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        219. Umetsu K., Yuasa I., Suzuki T., Sun C.-S., Pan I-H., Ishida T., Saitou N., and Horai S. (1994) Polymorphisms of complement component I and C1R subcomponent of C1 in 9 aboriginal Taiwanese populations. Human Biology, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 339-348. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        220. Saitou N., Omoto K., Du C., and Du R. (1994) Population genetic study in Hainan Island, China. II. Genetic affinity analyses. Anthropological Science, vol. 102, no. 2, pp. 129-147. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        221. Song K.-J., Nerurkar V. R., Saitou N., Lazo A., Blakeslee J. R., Miyoshi M., and Yanagihara R. (1994) Genetic analysis and molecular phylogeny of simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type I: evidence for independent virus evolution in Asia and Africa. Virology, vol. 199, no. 1, pp. 56-66. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        222. Saitou N. and Ueda S. (1994) Evolutionary rate of insertions and deletions in non-coding nucleotide sequences of primates. Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 504-512. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        223. Kanno R., Mizutani Y., Saitou N., Kosaki H., Makino Y., Adachi Y., Akazawa T., Kanno M., Shiroishi T., Moriwaki K., and Taniguchi M. (1994) Evolution of Va14 TCR gene family in mice. In Moriwaki K. et al. (eds.), Genetics in Wild Mice, Japan Scientific Society Press, Tokyo/S. Karger, Basel, pp. 193-202. *PDF*
        224. Saitou N. (1994) A note on the neutral theory. Japanese Journal of Genetics, vol. 69, no. 5, pp. 503-512. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        225. Omoto K., Hirai M., Jin F., Misawa S., Washio K., Tokunaga K., Yamazaki K., Saitou N., Du C., Lu B., Luo Z., Zeng Z., Xu J., Zhao H., Zhang Z., Wei X., Niu K., Hao L., and Du R. (1993) Population genetic study in Hainan Island, China. I. Distribution of blood genetic markers. Anthropological Science, vol. 101, no. 1, pp. 1-24. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        226. Nerurkar V. R., Song K.-J., Saitou N., Mallan R. R., and Yanagihara R. (1993) Interfamilial and intrafamilial genomic diversity of human T lymphotropic virus type I strains from Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Virology, vol. 196, pp. 506-513. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        227. Ishida T., Pan I.-H., Horai S., Saitou N., and Sun C.-S. (1993) Seroepidemiological survey of human T-lymphotropic retrovirus among indigenous populations in Taiwan. International Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 927-930. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        228. Kawamura S., Saitou N., and Ueda S. (1992) Concerted evolution of the primate immunoglobulin alpha gene through gene conversion. Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 267, no. 11, pp. 7359-7367. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        229. Saitou N., Tokunaga K., and Omoto K. (1992) Genetic affinities of human populations. In Roberts D.L., Fujiki N., and Torizuka K. (eds.), Society for the Study of Human Biology Symposium Series 33: Isolation and Migration, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 118- 129. *PDF*
        230. Dodo Y., Ishida H., and Saitou N. (1992) Population history of Japan: a cranial nonmetric approach. In Akazawa T., Aoki K., and Kimura T. (eds.), The Evolution and Dispersal of Modern Humans in Asia, Hokusen-sha, Tokyo, pp. 479-492. *PDF*
        231. Saitou N. (1992) Evolutionary rate of insertions and deletions. In Takahata N. ed., Population Paleo-Genetics: Proceedings of the Seventeenth Taniguchi Symposium, Japan Science Society Press, Tokyo, pp. 335-343. *PDF*
        232. Inoko H., Sato K., Takata H., Imanishi T., Ina Y., Saitou N., Tateno Y., Kimura A., Nishimura Y., Akaza T., Miyoshi H., Mura T., Tokunaga K., Tanaka H., Konoeda Y., Wakisaka A., Juji T., Sasazuki T., Tsuji K., and Gojobori T. (1992) Data flow from the collection of raw data to the construction of the MHC database. In Tsuji K., Aizawa M., and Sasazuki T. eds., HLA1991 vol. 1, p. 65. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
        233. Gojobori T., Imanishi T., Ina Y., Saitou N., Tateno Y., Sato K., Takata H., Kimura A., Nishimura Y., Akaza T., Miyoshi H., Mura T., Tokunaga K., Tanaka H., Konoeda Y., Wakisaka A., Juji T., Sasazuki T., Tsuji K., and Inoko H. (1992) Construction of the MHC database. In Tsuji K., Aizawa M., and Sasazuki T. eds., HLA1991 vol. 1, p. 66-67. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
        234. Wakisaka A., Imanishi T., Saitou N., Konoeda Y., and Gojobori T. (1992) Introduction to and organization of the anthropology component. In Tsuji K., Aizawa M., and Sasazuki T. eds., HLA1991 vol. 1, p. 623-626. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 
        235. Saitou N. (1991) Reconstruction of molecular phylogeny of extant hominoids from DNA sequence data. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, vol. 84, no. 1, pp. 75-85. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        236. Harihara S., Imanishi T., Saitou N., Omoto K., Varavudhi P., and Takenaka O. (1991) Phylogenetic analysis of Macaca fascicularis in Thailand, using data of mitochondrial DNA variation. In Ehara A. et al. eds., Primatology Today, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam, pp. 611- 612. *PDF*
        237. Saitou N. (1991) Phylogeny of extant hominoids reconstructed from molecular data. In Ehara A. et al. eds., Primatology Today, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam, pp. 627-630. *PDF*
        238. Omoto K., Hirai M., Saitou N., and Harihara S. (1991) Extensive polymorphism of complement C6 among crab-eating monkeys. In Ehara A. et al. eds., Primatology Today, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam, pp. 603-604. *PDF*
        239. Kawamura S., Tanabe H., Watanabe Y., Kurosaki K., Saitou N., and Ueda S. (1991) Evolutionary rate of immunoglobulin alpha non-coding region is greater in hominoids than in Old World monkeys. Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 743-752. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        240. Saitou N. (1991) Statistical methods for phylogenetic tree reconstruction. In Rao C.R. and Chakraborty R. (eds.), Handbook of Statistics, Volume 8: Statistical Methods for Biological and Medical Sciences, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam, pp. 317-346. *PDF*
        241. Hasegawa M., Kishino H., and Saitou N. (1991) On the maximum likelihood method in molecular phylogenetics. (Letter to the Editor). Journal of Molecular Evolution, vol.32, pp. 443-445. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        242. Saitou N. (1990) Maximum likelihood methods. In Doolittle R. (ed.), Methods in Enzymology, Volume 183: Computer Analysis of Protein and Nucleic Acid Sequences, Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, pp. 584-598. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        243. Suzuki H., Tsuchiya K., Sakaizumi M., Wakana S., Gotoh O., Saitou N., Moriwaki K., and Sakurai S. (1990) Differentiation of restriction sites in ribosomal DNA in the genus Apodemus. Biochemical Genetics, vol. 28, Nos. 3/4, pp.137-149. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        244. Saitou N. (1989) A theoretical study of the underestimation of branch lengths by the maximum parsimony principle. Systematic Zoology, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 1-5. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        245. Ueda S., Watanabe Y., Saitou N., Omoto K., Hayasida H., Miyata T., Hisajima H., and Honjo T. (1989) Nucleotide sequences of immunoglobulin epsilon pseudogenes in hominoids and their phylogenetic relationships. Journal of Molecular Biology, vol. 205, no. 1, pp. 85-90. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        246. Watanabe T., Miyashita N., Nishimura M., Saitou N., Hayashi Y., and Moriwaki K. (1989) Evolutionary relationships between laboratory mice and subspecies of Mus musculus based on the restriction fragment length variants of the chymotrypsin gene at the Prt-2 locus. Biochemical Genetics, vol. 27, Nos. 1/2, pp.119-130. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        247. Watanabe T., Masangkay J. S., Wakana S., Saitou N., and  Tomita T. (1989) Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in native Philippine cattle based on restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns. Biochemical Genetics, vol. 27, Nos. 7/8, pp.431-438. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        248. Saitou N. and Imanishi T. (1989) Relative efficiencies of the Fitch-Margoliash, maximum-parsimony, maximum-likelihood, minimum-evolution, and neighbor-joining methods of phylogenetic tree construction in obtaining the correct tree. Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 514-525. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        249. Harihara S. and Saitou N. (1989) A phylogenetic analysis of human mitochondrial DNA data. Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nippon, vol. 97, no. 4, pp. 483-492. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        250. Iwabe N., Kuma K., Saitou N., Tsuda M., and Miyata T. (1989) Evolution of Rhodopsin supergene family. Independent divergence of visual pigments in vertebrates and insects and possibly in mollusks. Proceedings of the Japan Academy Series B, vol. 65, no. 9, pp.195-198. *PDF*
        251. Harihara S., Saitou N., Hirai M., Aoto N., Terao K., Cho F., Honjo S., and Omoto K. (1988) Differentiation of mitochondrial DNA types in Macaca fascicularis. Primates, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 117-127. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        252. Saitou N. (1988) Property and efficiency of the maximum likelihood method for molecular phylogeny. Journal of Molecular Evolution, vol. 27, no. 3, pp.261-273. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        253. Harihara S., Saitou N., Hirai M., Gojobori T., Park K. S., Misawa S., Ellepola S. B., Ishida T., and Omoto K. (1988) Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism among five Asian populations. American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 43, no.2, pp. 134-143. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        254. Saitou N. Shimizu H., and Omoto K. (1988) On the effect of the fluctuating population size on the age of a mutant gene. Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nippon, vol. 96, no. 4, pp.449-458. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        255. Saitou N. and Nei M. (1987) The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 406-425. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        256. Saitou N. (1987) Patterns of nucleotide substitutions in influenza A virus genes. Japanese Journal of Genetics, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 439-443. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        257. Saitou N. and Omoto K. (1987) Time and place of human origins from mtDNA data. (Scientific Correspondence) Nature, vol. 327, no. 6120, p. 288.  PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        258. Saitou N. and Nei M. (1986) Polymorphism and evolution of influenza A virus genes. Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 57-74. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        259. Nei M. and Saitou N. (1986) Genetic relationship of human populations and ethnic differences in reaction to drugs and food. In Kalow W., Goedde H. W., and Agarwal D. P. (eds.), Ethnic Differences in Reactions to Drugs and Xenobiotics, Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, pp. 21-37. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        260. Watanabe T., Hayashi Y., Kimura J., Yasuda Y., Saitou N., Tomita T., and Ogasawara N. (1986) Pig Mitochondrial DNA: polymorphism, restriction map orientation, and sequence data. Biochemical Genetics, vol. 24, Nos. 5/6, pp. 385-396. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        261. Saitou N. and Nei M. (1986) The number of nucleotides required to determine the branching order of three species, with special reference to the human-chimpanzee-gorilla divergence. Journal of Molecular Evolution, vol. 24, pp. 189-204. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        262. Saitou N. (1986) On the delta Q-test of Templeton. (Letter to the Editor) Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 3, pp. 282-284. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        263. Nei. M., Stephens J. C., and Saitou N. (1985) Methods for computing the standard errors of branching points in an evolutionary tree and their application to molecular date from humans and apes. Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 66-85. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        264. Yasuda N. and Saitou N. (1984) Random isonymy and surname distribution in Japan. Biology and Society, vol. 1, no. 2 , pp. 75-84. *PDF*
        265. Saitou N., Suzuki R., Kawai Y., and Ishida T. (2009) Development and application of PCR primer database Prim-Prim for analyzing intraspecific variation of primates (in Japanese). DNA Takei, vol. 17, pp. 63-65.
        266. Ishibashi M. and Saitou N. (2006) Genetic relationship among human populations in East Asia. DNA Takei, vol. 14, pp. 174-176. 
        267. Shimada M., Kim C.-G., Takahashi A., Saitou N., Ikeo K., Gojobori T., and Spitsyn V. A. (2002) Mitochondrial DNA control region sequences for a Buryats population in Russia (in Japanese). DNA Takei, vol. 10, pp. 151-155.
        268. Kitakami H., Mori Y., Oota S., and Saitou N. (1999) Satisfying the zero-crossover constraints for reconciliation across heterogeneous trees (in Japanese). Database, vol. 40, pp. 1-14.
        269. Yuan Y. D., Jin F., Zhang C., and Saitou N. (1999) The study of the distribution of Chinese surnames and the diversity of genetic population structure in the Song Dynasty (in Chinese). Acta Genetica Sinica, vol. 26, pp. 187-197. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        270. Saitou N. (1983) An attempt to estimate the migration pattern in Japan by surname data (in Japanese). Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nippon, vol. 91, no. 3, pp. 309-322. Go to Journal website *PDF*　
        271. Saitou N. (2011) A Commentary on the Soliga, an isolated tribe from Southern India: genetic diversity and phylogenetic affinities. Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 56, p. 257. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        272. Saitou N. (2005) Evolution of hominoids and the search for a genetic basis for creating humanness. Cytogenetic and Genome Research, vol. 108, pp. 16-21. *PDF*
        273. Saitou N. (2002) Evolutionary genomics: molecular evolution at  the genomic scale. Trends in Genetics, vol. 18, pp. 239-240. *PDF*
        274. Saitou N. (1996) Reconstruction of gene trees from sequence data. In Doolittle R. (ed.), Methods in Enzymology, vol. 266, Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, pp. 427-449. PubMed Abstract *PDF*
        275. Saitou N. (1995) Methods for building phylogenetic trees of genes and species. In Griffin H. and Griffin A. (eds.), Molecular Biology: Current Innovations and Future Trends Part 2, Horizon Scientific Press, Wymondham, U.K., pp. 115-135. *PDF*
        276. Saitou N. (1994) A note on the neutral theory. Japanese Journal of Genetics, vol. 69, no. 5, pp. 503-512. Go to Journal website *PDF*
        277. Saitou N. (1991) Statistical methods for phylogenetic tree reconstruction. In Rao C.R. and Chakraborty R. (eds.), Handbook of Statistics, Volume 8: Statistical Methods for Biological and Medical Sciences, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam, pp. 317-346. *PDF*
        278. Saitou N. (1991) Book review: "Fundamentals of Molecular Evoltion" and "Evolution at the Molecular Level". Trends of Ecology and Evolution, vol. 6, pp. 339-340. *PDF*
        279. Saitou N. (1990) Maximum likelihood methods. In Doolittle R. (ed.), Methodsin Enzymology, Volume 183: Computer Analysis of Protein and Nucleic Acid Sequences, Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, pp. 584-598. *PDF*
        280. Saitou N. (2011) Darwin: Introduction (in Japanese). Chikuma-Shinsho, Chikuma Shobo, Tokyo.
        281. Saitou N. (2009) From Selectionism to Neutralism: Paradigm Shift of Evolutionary Studies (in Japanese). NTT Shuppan, Tokyo.
        282. Saitou N. (2007) Introduction to Evolutionary Genomics (in Japanese). Kyoritsu Shuppan, Tokyo.
        283. Saitou N. (2007) Thinking Genome Evolution: from phylogenecit mathematics to evolution of neuronal systems (in Japanese). Saiensu Sha, Tokyo.
        284. Saitou N. (2005) Japanese Viewed from DNA (in Japanese). Chikuma-Shinsho, Chikuma Shobo, Tokyo.
        285. Saitou N. (2004) Genome and Evolution: Life Emerging from Genome (in Japanese). Shinyo Sha, Tokyo.
        286. Saitou N. (1997) Genes Dream for 3.5 Billion Years (in Japanese). Daiwa Shobo, Tokyo.
        287. Saitou N. et al. eds. (2012) Encyclopedia of Evolution (in Japanese). Kyoritsu Shuppan, Tokyo.
        288. Saitou N. ed. (2009) Illustrated Guide to Human Evolution (in Japanese). Kodansha, Tokyo.
        289. Saitou N. ed. (2007) Genomes So far Decoded (in Japanese). Wedge, Tokyo.
        290. Ishikawa H., Saitou N., Sato N., and Hasegawa M. eds. (2004-2006) Evolutionary Studies Series, Volumes 1-6 (in Japanese). Iwanami Shoten, Tokyo.
        291. Saitou N. and Sasaki S. (2009) Biologist vs. Buddhism Scholar: Seven Discussions (in Japanese). Wedge, Tokyo.
        292. Saitou N. (2007) How humans and apes are similar (in Japanese). In Yamagiwa J. ed. "How humans were shaped", Iwanami Shoten, Tokyo, pp. 81-93.
        293. Saitou N. (2005) Farewell to races (in Japanese). In Takezawa Y. ed. "Questioning Universarity of Race Concept", Jinbun Shoin, Tokyo, pp. 468-486.
        294. Saitou N. (2005) Search from genes (in Japanese). In Akazwa T. ed. "Identity of Neandelthals", Asahi Shuppansha, Tokyo, pp. 141-164.
        295. Saitou N. (2002) Searching human uniqueness from comaprison of human and ape genomes (in Japanese). In Hasegawa M. ed. "Human, how this misterious organism emerged", Wedge, Tokyo, pp. 201-221.
        296. Saitou N. (1998) Neighbor-joining method and maxium parsimony method (in Japanese). In Miyata T. ed. "Molecular Evolution: Analysis Methods and Applications", Kyoritsu Shuppan, Tokyo, pp. 54-63.
        297. Saitou N. (1997) Past and future of Circum-Pacific human populations (in Japanese). In Fukuda I. and Liu G. eds. "Civilizations and Heredity", Benseisha, Kyoto, pp. 84-104. 
        298. Saitou N. (1996) Human diversity viewed from genes (in Japanese). In Katayama K. ed. "Tracing Human History: Introduction to Physical Anthropology", Asakura Shoten, Tokyo, pp. 143-155.
        299. Saitou N. (1996) Path toward humans via genes (in Japanese). In Katayama K. ed. "Tracing Human History: Introduction to Physical Anthropology", Asakura Shoten, Tokyo, pp. 156-188.
        300. Saitou N. (1995) Mongloids viewed from genes (in Japanese). In Akazwa T. ed. "Departure from Africa", Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, Tokyo, pp. 119-184.
        301. Saitou N. (1994) Human molecular evolution (in Japanese). In Imaizumi Y. ed. "Introduction to Human Genetics", Baifukan, Tokyo, pp. 139-153.
        302. Saitou N. (1994) World of emptiness: organismal evolution viewed from neutral theory (in Japanese). In Morinaga S. ed. "Zen and Life Sciences", Kinokuniya Shoten, Tokyo, pp. 237-262.
        303. Saitou N. (1993) Neighbor-joining method (in Japanese). In Gojobori T. et al. eds. "Methods for Molecular Evolution", Tokyo Kagaku Dojin, Tokyo, pp. 400-410.
        304. Saitou N. (1992) Migration and dispersal of humans to American continents (in Japanese). In Akazawa T. et al. eds. "First American", Iwanami Shoten, Tokyo, pp. 57-103.
        305. Saitou N. (2009) New horizon of human genome study (in Japanese). Anthropological Science (Japanese Series), vol. 117, pp. 1-7.
        306. Saitou N. (2009) Genome sequencing and molecular phylogeny of primates (in Japanese). Primate Research, vol. 24, pp. 213-220.
        307. Noda R. and Saitou N. (2000) Evolution of ABO blood group genes in chimpanzees and Japanese macaques (in Japanese). Primate Research, vol. 16, pp. 157-167.
        308. Saitou N. and Kitano T. (1999) Evolution of ABO and Rh blood group genes (in Japanese). Saibo Kobaku, vol. 18, pp. 1039-1047.
        309. Saitou N., editorial supervision (2003) "Quantum Evolution" (in Japanese), Kyoritsu Shuppan, Tokyo. [Original publication: McFadden J. (2000) "Quantum Evolution: the New Science of Life", Harper Collins Publishers]
        310. Saitou N., editorial supervision (1998) "Organismal Evolution Viewed from DNA" (in Japanese), Nikkei Saiensu Sha, Tokyo. [Original publication: Lewin R. (1997) "Pattens in Evolution: the New Molecular View", Scientific American Library]
        311. Saitou N., translational consultation (1995) "Who am I, Where I came from" (in Japanese), Mita Shuppankai, Tokyo. [Original publication: Cavalli-Soforza L. L. and Cavalli-Soforza F. (1993) "Chi Siamo" Arnoldo Mondadori]
        312. Gojobori T. and Saitou N., translators (1990) "Molecular Evolutionary Genetics" (in Japanese), Baifukan, Tokyo [Original publication: Nei M. (1987) Molecular Evolutionary Genetics. Columbia University Press, New York]
  1. Saitou N. (2021) “My Life as a Molecular Evolutionist” by Masatoshi NEI (2020).  iDarwin, vol. 1, pp. 59-62.<PDF>
  1. Saitou N. (2021) “My Life as a Molecular Evolutionist” by Masatoshi NEI (2020).  iDarwin, vol. 1, pp. 59-62.<PDF>

Contact

SAITOU, Naruya
Specially Appointed Professor, National Institute of Genetics

Email Address: mail

TEL: +81-55-981-6790

FAX: +81-55-981-6789

〒411-8540

Postal Address: 1111 Yata, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan